An extreme event can be defined as an event that falls on the tail of a distribution and characterized by its uniqueness either in its occurrence itself or in its consequences. In the case of the Sun, one talks about coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares of extreme energy. Taking one level deeper, one can think of the extremeness of the solar source of these events: active regions and their...
Earth directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs), particularly those with high speeds and southward-pointing magnetic fields, are the main drivers of geomagnetic storms. While the solar wind constantly deposits particles and energy into Earth's magnetosphere, this process is enhanced during geomagnetic storms. One of the most striking effects of these storms is the appearance of auroras. However,...
Magnetized plasma winds and storms from host stars such as the Sun shape (exo)planetary magnetospheres and influence atmospheric mass loss. In the solar system, solar magnetic transients also force planetary environments creating adverse space weather. Magnetohydrodynamic modelling of star-planet interactions provide a physics-based window to explore these phenomena that have profound...
Constraining the magnetic field strength of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from observations is one of the key challenges in predicting their space weather impact on Earth. In this work, we present a new method for constraining the magnetic flux of a spheromak CME model in the frame of the EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA). In this approach, we use the estimated...
This study aims to understand the behavior and characteristics of interplanetary MHD shocks observed at 1 AU using in situ measurements spanning 1996 to 2023. We developed an automated algorithm for shock detection and analyzed the distribution and properties of various shock types, including fast forward, fast reverse, slow forward, and slow reverse shocks. Key shock parameters such as shock...
