I will review recent progress in observations and numerical simulations of the dynamics of the solar chromosphere. During the last decade, novel high-resolution space-based and ground-based instrumentation has provided new views of the role of shocks, jets, waves, and magnetic reconnection in the dynamics and energetics of the chromosphere and the layers above. These observations have been...
Recent high-resolution observations have shown that quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs (QSEBs), thought to be driven by magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere, are more prevalent than previously known, with about 750,000 present across the quiet Sun at any given time. Analyzing H$\beta$ and H$\epsilon$ observations from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope, we detected ubiquitous QSEBs...
We perform radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere, driven self consistently by sub-surface convection, thereby producing a forest of spicules commensurate with the observed properties (Dey et al, 2022, Nat Phys). By varying the strength of the imposed magnetic field (mimicking the dynamo generated large scale field of the Sun), we show that kinematic properties of...
The solar atmosphere is populated by ubiquitous swirling structures, believed to play a crucial role in exciting various magnetohydrodynamic waves, pulses, as well as spicules. However, their small scale and short lifespan have posed significant challenges to automated detection, hindering comprehensive studies of their statistical and collective behavior. This talk summarizes recent...
We investigate vortex dynamics in three magnetic regions, viz., Quiet Sun, Weak Plage, and Strong Plage, using realistic three- dimensional simulations from a comprehensive radiation-MHD code, MURaM. We find that the spatial extents and spatial distribution of vortices vary for different setups even though the photospheric turbulence responsible for generating vortices has similar profiles for...
The question of what heats the outer solar atmosphere remains one of the longstanding mysteries in astrophysics. Statistical studies of Sun-like stars reveal a correlation between global chromospheric and coronal emissions, constraining theoretical models of potential heating mechanisms. However, spatially resolved observations of the Sun have surprisingly failed to show a similar correlation...
